Perma Film Protection - Permafilm Inc. 1966:

Lengthening the Life of Film

(The following article was written hy
Paul N. Robins of Permafilm, Inc. It first
appeared in the December 1957 issue of
the Journal of the Society of Motion Pic-
ture and Television Engineers. It is here
reprinted with permission of that publica-
tion and with permission of the author.

this issue of the Bulletin went to
press, Permafilm had just been adopted
by M-G-M. Others makmg use of it in-
clude Revue Productions, National Tele-
film Associates, National Broadcasting
Company, ABC Film Syndication, Official
Films, Television Programs of America,
Hollywood Television Service, Consoli-
dated Film Laboratories, Pathe Labora-
tories and Army Pictorial Center.)

T he mounting cost of film damage is a
matter of immediate financial concern
to those in the motion-picture and tele-
vision industry. While a portion of this
damage can be attributed to poor or care-
less projection, or to dirty projectors, an
extensive study of the problem indicates
that no small part of this damage stems
from the chemical and physical charac-
teristics of the film. The damages in-
clude scratched emulsion, torn or broken
sprockets, brittleness, warping or curling.
In the author’s opinion, it is the fragile
emulsion, and not the film base, which
contributes most substantially to the film
damage which ensues, and it is the varia-
tion in the moisture content of the gelatin
which is the root of this problem.

A study of the problem of moisture con-
tent has been conducted over many years
with the aim of finding a solution or an
alleviation for this type of damage. The
results of many experiments positively in-
dicate that excessive moisture in the gela-

tin is the cause of “green” film chattering
and that it is also the cause of gelatin
deposit in the aperture plate. This deposit
builds up, burns, and is baked to a hard
point which scratches the film.

Probably more damaging than exces-
sive moisture is the reduction or elimina-
tion of moisture in the emulsion which
takes place when the film is kept in a dry
atmosphere or when it is subjected to a
high temperature such as that at the aper-
ture plate in the projector. The decrease
in moisture content has a tendency to
shrink the gelatin. This produces a dif-
ferential between the dimensions of the
base and that of the emulsion and a con-
sequent warping and curling of the film
which causes distorted focus and un-
smooth projection. This dried-out emul-
sion also causes brittleness.

It has been recognized that the loss of
moisture has contributed, in many cases,
to shrinkage of the picture negative, as
well as the soundtrack, causing “motor
boat” and background noises in the posi-
tive prints.

After years of experimentation and
many field tests, a product has been de-
veloped which radically reduces the vari-
ous kinds of film damage which can be
traced to the variation of the moisture
content. This product, Permafilm, is com-
posed of selected nonvolatile organic
compounds dissolved in suitable volatile
solvents and contains an antistatic agent.
It is nonflammable, substantially non-
toxic, contains no formaldehyde or other
gelatin hardeners, and is not a lacquer
or a coating.

Method of Using Compound

This compound is applied to the emul-
sion side of the film, before or after
exposure, or before or after developing.

but in every instance the film must be
dry at the time of application. The vola-
tile portions of the compound evaporate
rapidly, usually in less than a minute.
During this time certain of the nonvola-
tile components penetrate and impreg-
nate the emulsion, replacing a portion
of the moisture in the emulsion while
consistently performing the functions of
the replaced moisture. The emulsion be-
comes tough and resilient, with excellent
scratch resistance, rather than becoming
brittle, as happens when formaldehyde
or other chemicals are employed for
hardening the emulsion. The nonvolatile
materials remain in the emulsion perma-
nently and it becomes seasoned and
toughened with permanent pliability.
There is no change in the photographic
or reproduction quality of the emulsion.

In the continuous motion-picture film
developing machine the compound is ap-
plied to the emulsion side of the film
near the end of the drying cabinet by
passing it over a fabric-covered applica-
tor roller and rotating it in a constant-
level bath of the fluid at a speed of about
3 rpm. Only the under part of the roller
dips in the fluid.

Special machines have been developed
to treat films with the compound as a
separate operation (Fig. 1). Since these
machines treat used film as well as new
film, they were designed to first clean all
foreign matter from the film, treat it by
impregnating the compound into the
emulsion and then to give the base side
a high polish with a specially impreg-
nated roller to increase slippage and
reduce the likelihood of base scratches.
These specially designed machines feed
the film at variable speeds up to 800
ft/min and a necessary drying space has
been provided for the maximum speed.

The antistatic agent in the compound
stays on the surface while the solids im-
pregnate the emulsion. Because of this,
the antistatic agent can be washed off
with carbon tetrachloride, and in the case
of the application on undeveloped film,
the developing baths wash off or eliminate
the antistatic agent which must be sub-
sequently renewed. However, the com-
pound itself which is impregnated into
the emulsion cannot be washed off with
carbon tetrachloride or other cleaners nor
can it be removed by the developing
baths. Proof of this can be shown by the
use of a scratch test (Fig. 2) outlined on
the next page, before and after the de-
veloping bath on the impregnated film.

Further studies over the years showed
that fading of color in film could be sub-
stantially retarded by impregnation of
the emulsion layer with these organic
chemicals which also have a tendency to
stabilize the dyes.

With moisture variation or loss no
longer a hazard, brittleness, suscepti-
bility to scratches and abrasions, shrink-
age, color fading, and all other forms of
film damage normally induced by mois-
ture, are reduced to a negligible minimum.
In tropical and damp areas, the growth of
fungus and mold is inhibited by the im-
pregnation of the emulsion.

Users of magnetic stripe have found a
better adherence of the striping on film
treated with this new compound; this
is probably due to the reduction of the

Fig. 1. Machine arrangamant for cleaning film and impregnating emulsion with Permafilm compound.

30

I.A.T.S.E. OFFICIAL BULLETIN

Fig. 2. Upper left: scratch test showing 4-ox weight placed on nail (see upper left, with 52 ox of weight concentrated on nail drawn across; lower

insert) drawn across untreated film; lower left: emulsion on untreated film right: after scratch test at upper right, emulsion is intact,

completely removed down to base; upper right: same scratch test as at

moisture in the emulsion that makes it a
better base for the adherence of the strip-
ing. Attempts to rejuvenate old shrunken
films and negatives by rehumidification,
in effect swelling shrunken emulsion back
to its original size, have not always been
successful. The reason is that the newly
introduced moisture in the swollen emul-
sion has a tendency to disappear very
shortly thereafter. By impregnating the
rehumidified or swollen gelatin with the
compound, which remains there perma-
nently, the shrinkage does not recur,
demonstrating that the solids are really
impregnated into the emulsion and have
become a permanent part of it. The full
benefits of the treatment are obtained
after a seasoning period of three or four
hours.

A survey of chronic film damage, which
included a canvass of the larger TV film
distributors, revealed that the average
print life was only five or six projections
before the distributor was compelled to
discard a print because of its poor con-
dition. Careful tests of films treated with
this compound were made and the records
kept by the distributors themselves, and
under all field conditions combined ex-
periences showed such prints to have
double the life they would formerly have
had.

In the face of mounting printing costs,
this compound would appear to offer to
the film user a method of reducing those
costs by lengthening the serviceable life
of the film.

Among the tests used to assess the
effectiveness of the process were scratch
tests and a color test described below.

T ests

Sicratch Test No. 1. Two newly de-
veloped 35mm films were taped down
alongside each other on a glass surface.
One of them was untreated and the other
piece of film had been treated four hours
previously with Permafilm. A thin piece
of plywood, through which a blunt nail

had been run (for the purpose of dupli-
cating this test, the point should not be
sharp like a diamond but should be rather
blunt to simulate a fine rounded ball),
and bearing a 4-oz weight, was drawn
lengthwise across the emulsion side of
the untreated film. The emulsion was
scratched down to the base. The opera-
tion was repeated on the treated film and
the weight increased 4 oz at a time until
a scratch really appeared in the emulsion
of the treated film. The weight was about
eight to ten times that sufficient to scratch
the untreated film. Although a slight
mark appeared on the treated film during
this operation, it was a polishing action
and not a removal of the emulsion nor
did it show in projection.

Scratch Test No. 2. The above operation
was tried before and after the film was
placed in the developing baths. The re-
sults were the same.

Color Test No. 3. A 5000-candlepower
incandescent light was placed about 18
inches above two color slides, one slide
treated with Permafilm, the other un-
treated. Under observation after 15 min-
utes the untreated slide showed consider-
able fading, the treated showed no fading.

The test was continued for another 20
minutes. The untreated slide showed
much more fading while the treated one
showed no fading.

The test then had to be discontinued
because the considerable heat caused the
slides to smoke.

Case Histories

(1) The Film Syndication Division of
a television network concerned with the
mounting film damage and rising replace-
ment print costs decided to make a
careful survey of four protective methods.
Two hundred prints were given this
treatment and a like amount were treated
by each of three other methods. Records
were kept of the condition of each print
after each booking. After a six months
test, the examination of the records

covering hundreds of prints and thou-
sands of bookings revealed that the prints
were capable of no less than twice as
many projections under the same con-
ditions as prints treated with other
methods, or those untreated. Other dis-
tributors report up to three times as
many projections on the average.

(2) A very large New York laboratory,
after six months of experimentation,
equipped its developing machines to im-
pregnate its 16mm and 35mm dupe
negatives with this treatment. It was
found that, in production or processing,
scratches and abrasions were reduced to
a minimum which appreciably decreased
expensive replacement footage costs. Al-
though the experiments have not been
completed, a preliminary report shows
that most duplicate negatives treated
with this compound yield two to three
times as many positive prints as were
previously obtained from untreated du-
plicate negatives.

(3) A report by a large West Coast
laboratory after extensive tests on dupli-
cate negatives states: “Our scratch and
abrasion problems are now a thing of the
past throughout our entire plant where
this treatment is presently in use for
protecting negatives.”

Five More Locals Cited
For Donations to COPE

As reported in the Winter issue of the
Bulletin, 33 locals of the Alliance had by
that time received Honor Award Certifi-
cates from the AFL-CIO Committee on
Political Education, recognizing individ-
ual COPE contributions equalling one dol-
lar per member.

Since the Winter issue went to press,
COPE awards had been received by five
more I. A. locals: No. 20, St. Paul, Minn.;
47, Pueblo, Colo.; 110, Chicago, 111.; 320,
Savannah, Ga., and 608, Boulder, Colo.

31

.THE BOARD OF PUBLIC INSTRUCTION

OFFICE OF

ROBERT W. FULTON
COUNTY SUPERINTENDENT

Telephone 083-0050

OF PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA

ADMINISTRATIVE ANNEX BUILDINGS S-B01 AND S-B02

Sixth Street North

WEST PALM BEACH, FLORIDA 33401
June 20 , 1967

LOUIS B. BILLS

CHAIRMAN

ROBERT R. JOHNSON
VICE CHAIRMAN

DR. A. D. THORP
JAMES R. BRANCH. JR.
JAMES E. WILLIAMS

Permafilm Corp* of Florida Inc*
Mr. Edward Galliers
137 S.E, I5th Avenue
Boynton Beach, Florida

Dear Mr. Galliers,

Just a personal note to express my appreciation
for your prompt and efficient service in cleaning,
Permafilm and Perma-New treatment of our films
for the last two years.

The results of the treatment process has been
evident in the usefulness of the films. We have
been able to furnish the schools with a finer
quality film, which prolonged the life of many
films that would otherwise have to be replaced.

We wish to advise that we have recommended the
continued use of your service for the new films
we will be purchasing for the next school year*

Very truly yours,

AREA MATERIALS CENTER

Thomas S* Goddard, Manager

ESTABLISHED ISSO

United States Testing Company, Inc.

HOBOKEN, N. J. 07030

201 - 792-2400 NUMBER

• 91246

REPORT (Rdcr Co chit number)

February 6, 196?

Client: PERMAFILM INCORPORATED

257 Park Ave. South
New York, New York 10010

Subject: Scratch and abrasion test of treated and untreated l6 mm motion
picutre film.

Two reels of l6 mm motion picture film was received at the
United States Testing Company Inc., and identified by the Client
as :

1. Untreated l6 mm movie film,

2. l6 mm movie film treated with Perma Film Protection.

Project ;

The purpose of the test is to shovj, by visual examination, the
scratch and abrasion resistance superiority of the treated Perma
film against the untreated film.

Procedure ;

The Perma treated film and the untreated film were spliced to make
a seven and one helf foot loop and projected on a Bell and Howell
model 302 sound projector. The film loops were run through the
projector for 300 times. Each film was inspected at the 100, 150 and
200 cycle mark.

The projector film gate was cleaned at the start of each film but
not during the 300 cycle periods.

After 300 cycles the films were microscopically inspected.

Results :

At the 100 cycle mark, scratches or abrasion streaks began to appear
on the untreated film. The scratches or abrasion marks did not appear
on the Perma treated film until the 200 cycle period.

Page 1 of 2
Superriaed by

cds

United States Testify Company, Inc.

Daniel R. Condon

OUR LETTERS AND REPORTS ARE FOR THE EXCLUSIVE USB OF THE CLIENT TO WHOM THEY ARE ADDRESSED. AND THEIR COMMUNICATION TO ANY OTHERS, OR
THE USE OF THE NAME OF UNITED STATES TESTING COMPANY. INC., MUST RECEIVE OUR PRIOR WRITTEN APPROVAL. OUR LETTERS AND REPORTS APPLY ONLY TO
THE SAMPLE TESTED AND ARE NOT NECESSARILY INDICATIVE OF THE QUALITIES OF APPARENTLY IDENTICAL OR SIMILAR PRODUCTS. SAMPLES NOT DESTROYED
IN TESTING ARE RETAINED A MAXIMUM OF THIRTY DAYS. THE REPORTS AND LETTERS AND THE NAME OF THE UNITED STATES TESTING COMPANY
IMC-- ITfl CSPAI « no INIRIGNIA. ARP NOT TO B*r USED UNDER ANY GIRCUM6T* NCES IN ADVERTIEJNC TO THE

Client:

United States Testing Company^ Inc.

Permafllm Incorporated

Number

91246

Examination at the 300 cycle period showed that there was less
abrasion on the Perma treated film than the untreated film.
Picture quality of the films projected on the screen revealed
that the Perma treated film was more clear and had less scratches
than the untreated projected film.

Comments :

From the tests conducted, it is our opinion that the film treated
with Permafllm helps prevent scratches and abrasion marks and is
more plyable when run through a motion picture projector.

O

MPO VIDEOTRONICS, INC.

222 EAST 44th STREET • NEW YORK, N.Y. 10017 • TEL. (212) 867-8200 • CABLE "EMPOCORPO, NEW YORK

August 15^ 1966

Permaf ilm Incorporated

79 Fifth Avenue

New York, N. Y. 10003

Gentlemen:

Producing almost $20,000,000 worth of industrial, commercial
and television films for a great many advertisers, does not
leave us too much time to do some of the things that we would
to do. However / we do want to take the time to tell you
how pleased we and our clients are with the Perma Film Pro-
tection of their industrial prints.

Some time ago we became aware of the fact that after a great
deal of time and money were spent to present the sponsor ' s
message with maximum effect, this effect was being diminished
by scratchy prints circulating in the field.

Since our interest in the advertiser's welfare did not end
with the delivery of the negative or the prints, we made very
exhaustive study of all of the film protection methods on the
market, and their effectiveness.

For the past three years, as standard procedure, we have had
all of our sponsored-film release prints treated with Perma
Film Protection, and we are glad to say that the response
from our clients has been most enthusiastic.

We regard Perma Film Protection as one of the major contribu-
tions to the motion picture industry.

Sincerely

MPO VIDEOTRONICS , INC

NEW YORK / DETROIT / CHICAOO / HOLLYWOOD

AMERICAN FILM PRODUCTIONS

v:

INCORPORATED

May n , 1 965

Hr. Paul N. Robins
Permafilm Incorporated
79 Fifth Avenue
New York 3, New York

Dear Mr. Robins:

It was very nice seeing you at the SMPTE convention in Los Angeles. My
conscience has been bothering me ever since, because I never told you what
a great Job Permafilm had done for us over the past five years.

As you probably know, we first recognized the Perroa Film Protection when our
internegatives and dupe negatives were given this treatment by Consolidated
in Hollywood. These negatives were able to make many more quality prints
than we were accustomed to getting in the East. As a result, we insisted
on Perma Film Protection for our printing negatives here in the East as »#ell.

At one laboratory, for example, the number of quality color prints from one
internegative jumped from an average of 40 to an average of I80 as soon as
the system of treating the negatives was started. When you consider the
fact that this includes negatives which had to be retired because of rips,
pulled perforatibiiSi; , and damage of that type, you can see what a tremendous
benefit was involved. Not only did it save cold cash, but it also saved
all the time required to check answer prints, corrected prints, etc.

When your Perma New Rejuvenation process came out, we tried that. It was so
successful that we recommend it regularly to all our clients and customers.
This treatment is particularly valuable in the case of some of our films; like
RESCUE BREATHING, WATER RESCUE, POLE TOP RESCUE, etc; which are screened until
the film literally disintegrates. Since we have used the Perma New Rejuvena-
tion process for badly scratched prints, we have virtually doubled and tripled
the number of good screenings available from each print.

Sincerely yours,

AMERICAN FILM PRODUCTIONS

Robert Gross :b

CLDC

IBM World Trade Corparation 821 United Nations Plaza, New York 17, N Y.

Murray Hill 6-4000

Cable Address: inbusworld

April 8, 1965

Mr . Paul Robbins
Permafilm, Inc.

79 5th Avenue

New York 3, New York

Dear Paul:

I should like to commend Permafilm for the excellent job your
people did in restoring our print of ’’The Question Tree”. This
film was so badly scratched that I was on the verge of having it
scrapped. I screened it following your rejuvenation process,
and it is as good as new.

For your information, I have requested Ted Fogelman at CFI
to ’’permafilm” all new prints of ours coming out of their lab
until further notice.

j G. Damon
/Activities Manager

Jame

Film

C/

ASSOCIATION FILMS, inc

Established 1911

Executive OfFices
347 MADISON AVENUE

REPRESENTATIVE FILM SPONSORS

Air Transport Association of America
Alitalia Airlines
Aluminum Company of America
American Airlines, Inc.

American Bankers Association
American Crayon Company
American Dairy Association
American Dental Association
American Institute of Certified
Public Acgountants

American Mutual Liability Insurance Company
American Radiator & Standard
Sanitary Company
Armour & Company

Automobile Manufacturers Association
Avon Products, Inc.

Baltimore & Ohio Railroad

Campbell Soup Company

Cast Iron Soil Pipe Institute

Chase Manhattan Bank

Chesapeake & Potomac Telephone Companies

Committee of American Steamship Lines

Connecticut Mutual Life Insurance Co.

Corn Products Company
Corning Glass Works
Crane Co.

DeBeers Consolidated Mines, Ltd.

Evaporated Milk Association
Father Flanagan’s Boys’ Home
Firestone Tire & Rubber Company
First National City Bank of New York
Florists’ Telegraph Delivery Association
Fuller Brush Company
General Foods Corp.

German Federal Railroad
Gulf Oil Corp.

Hallmark Cards Incorporated
Hamilton Watch Company
Hanes Knitting Mills
Hills Bros. Coffee, Inc.

Institute of Life Insurance
International Silver Co.

Johnson & Johnson
Kendall Company
Kendall Refining Co.

Kimberly-Clark Corporation
Lincoln Electric Company
Thomas J. Lipton, Inc.

Maytag Company
Metropolitan Life Insurance Co.

Minnesota Mining & Mfg. Co.

Montgomery Ward Co.

National Association of
Frozen Food Packers
National Association of
Investment Companies
National Biscuit Co.

National Dairy Council
National Federation of Coffee Growers
of Colombia

National Life Insurance Co. of Vermont
New England Mutual Life Insurance Co.

New England Tel. & Tel. Co.

New York Life Insurance Co.

New York Telephone Co.

New York World’s Fair 1964-1965 Corp.

Ocean Spray Cranberries, Inc.

J. C. Penney Co., Inc.

Chas. Pfizer & Co., Inc.

Power Authority of the
State of New York
Processed Apples Institute
Prudential Insurance Company
of America

Quaker Oats Company
Reed & Barton Silversmiths
Reynolds Metals Co.

Schering Corporation
Seaboard Air Line Railroad
Sears Roebuck and Co.

Smith, Kline & French Laboratories
Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc.
Southwestern Bell Telephone Co.

Spreckels Sugar Co.

E. R. Squibb & Sons
United Fruit Co.

United States Steel Corp.

Worcester Polytechnic Institute

NEW YORK 17, N. Y.
MUrray Hill 5-2242

July n, 1963

Mr. Paul N. Robins, President
Permafllm incorporated
79 Fifth Avenue
New York 3, New York

Dear Hr. Robins:

When an organization like ours distributes over i00,000 prints
through five branches, to schools, colleges, churches, business
clubs, and various other groups, we naturally run up against ail
kinds of film damage. While we take great pride In our film
maintenance, so that our scores of users will benefit from the
best possible projection quality, we found some years ago that
the damage factor was definitely on the Increase, Since this
necessitated obtaining new prints from our clients, as well as
keeping prints "on the shelf" inactive, while awaiting replace-
ment footage. It became apparent to us that some solution would
have to be found to reduce this damage factor, and keep the cost
of print distribution down for our clients.

We made a very exhaustive study and field test under all conditions
of what was available in the form of film preservation for new
prints In order to lengthen their lives, and for some satisfactory
form of film rejuvenation, so that prints which would normally be
marked for discard, because of poor condition, could be put back
into profitable service.

Very careful and voluminous statistics were compiled, and the
results were so overwhelmingly convincing in favor of your pro-
cesses, that we applied for a Perma Film Protect! on-Perma New
Rejuvenation In Plant Franchise, so that we could give all of our
prints the benefits of your processes right on our premises. We
then notified our clients of the results of the tests, and left it to
them to decide if they wished to have us use your processes on
their prints which we distributed. Their reaction to our sug-
gestion can be seen in the fact that our Perma FI Im-Perma New equip-
ment keeps running as much as 24 hours a day, for long stretches.

Our clients are pleased because they have sharply reduced the cost
of print distribution, and we are pleased because the Inactive
prints have been reduced to a minimum.

NATIONAL AND

INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

Boy Scouts of America
Council for Financial Aid to Education
European Community Information Service
Girl Scouts of the U.S.A.

Governmental Affairs Institute
National Aeronautics & Space
Administration
National Board of Y.M.C.A.s
National Council of Catholic Men
National Council of the Churches of
Christ in the U.S.A.

National Safety Council
Salvation Army
UNICEF

Very sincerely yours,

Robert D. Mitchell, President

RIDGEFIELD, N. J.

LA GRANGE, ILL. • SAN FRANCISCO • DALLAS

TH^ FILM PRESERVER

PROTECTION

CONTAINS

Lacquer

Wax

Formaldehyde

Silicone

Perma-Film Protection is Preventive Film Maintenance which needs no renew-
ing ! It is not a surface treatment which can be washed off with solvents. It is the only
known treatment which impregnates itself into unexposed emulsion, and which will not
wash out in the subsequent development bath !

Perma-Film Protection is used in twenty-one countries around the world by thousands
of internationally known film users and governmental agencies such as U. S. Army, Navy,
Marine Corps, Air Force, Dept, of Health, Education & Welfare, Cape Canaveral Missile
Base, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Nestle, Sikorsky Aircraft, Rockefeller Institute, and five
foreign governments, and many photo-finishers and photo-engravers. -

Reduce your print costs by getting more projections; guard your valuable negatives
from scratches and brittleness — through Perma-Film protection.

PERMAFILM, INC

NEV\

723 SEVENTH AVENUE
NEW YORK 19, N. Y., U.S.A.

Cable — PERMAFILMS — New York

257

ADDRESS & PHOME:
ARK AVENUE' SOUTH
NE^YORK, N. Y. lOOlO
674-570Cf

A/ffV. AMAZ/m

SCRATCH REMOVAL
SYSTEM

Dr. Lawrence L. Steele, spent six years in the
development of Perma-New Scratch Removal Sys-
tem, due to dissatisfaction with other methods of
film scratch removal which grind down the base
of the film.

This is a unique chemical treatment of both the
emulsion and base sides of scratched film which
makes most normal scratches invisible when pro-
jected. It has been widely adopted in twenty-one
countries around the world.

You can use Perma-New Scratch Removal System
to put back into usful life, your scratched prints
which normally you would have to replace at a
greater cost.

Make an inventory of your scratched prints and
have them Perma-New treated without delay. A
sample reel will be treated without charge.

AUTHORIZED FRANCHISERS

Protects photographic film against

1. Scratches

2. Warping or Curling

3. Brittleness

4. Adherence of Dust and Dirt

Perma-Film Protection is a ONE-TIME protective
treatment of photographic emulsion on negatives
and positives through impregnation with stable
organic chemicals which toughen but do not
harden the emulsion. The preserved, stabilized
emulsion becomes resilient, permanently pliable,
and resistant to scratches, abrasions, shrinkage,
drying out and the other usual forms of damage.
Storage of film under expensive moisture
controlled conditions, now becomes unnecessary.
Anti-static properties of the treatment repel
dust and dirt.

Perma-Film Protection should not be confused
with removable coatings, such as wax, which
attracts dust; silicones, or lacquers which
contribute to warping; or formaldehyde hardeners
which make emulsion brittle.

The film base receives a high polish with Perma,
Base chemicals increasing slippage and reducing
the possibility of base scratches. .

Issued from time to time by Permafilm Inc., 79 Fifth Ave., New York 3, N. Y., U. S. A.

Effective Date: May 1, I966

TREATMENT & SERVICES PRICE LIST

Positive Prints 16MM MIN , IHV, 35MM MIN . INV ,

PERMAFILM PROTECTION $1.60 per M Ft. $10.00 $2.70 per M Ft. $10.00

PERMA NEW REJUVENATION — $8.50 per M Ft. $25.00 $13.50 per M Ft. $25.00

Includes: xJltrasoriic
Cleaning, Rejuvenation
of Scratched Base &

Emulsion plus Lubrication

PERMAFILM REHUMIDIFICATION' $3.50 per M Ft. $10.00 $6.00 per M Ft. $10.00

ilncludes: Correction of

Brittleness % Curl,

Stabilization of Emulsion,

Ultrasonic Cleaning &

Permafilm Protection

PERMA NEW REHUMIDIFICATION $12.00 per M Ft. $25.00 $17.50 per M Ft. $25.00

Includes: Correction of

Brittleness & Curl,

Ultrasonic Cleaning
Rejuvenation of Scratched
Base St Emulsion plus
Lubrication

ULTRASONIC FILM CLEANING $1.25 per M Ft. $5.00 $2.00 per M Ft. $5.00

LUBRICATION ONLY * $1.00 per M Ft. $5.00 $2.00 per M Ft. $5.00

(Ultrasonic Cleaning will be required for most Lubrication Orders)

ADDITIONAL RATES

Master Material — - All Master Material, Negatives, Originals etc., are

subject to inspection and special rates.

SERVICE RATES

INSPECTION & REPAIR

Detail Inspection - Includes written report and/or Repair and/or Screening

$8.50 per hour.

General Inspection - (No Repair or written report) $1.25 per flat or less.
NOTE All films sent for Perma.New Rejuvenation will be generally inspected
arid minor repair work (three (3) splices or less) will be made at no addition
al charge. wQ^RUSH S$ OVERTIME WORK subject to special rates.

Winner of The Presidential E Award for Excellence in President’s Export Expansion Program